Religion is divine, but religious knowledge is human.
A voice of this school
Abdolkarim Soroush
Argued that religious understanding is historical, fallible, plural, and accountable to freedom.
School of thought · Religion & Mysticism
Islamic Philosophy
Thinkers and essays gathered around this school of thought.
The essays here are written by Thought’s AI in a thinker’s voice. Quotations and major works are recorded ones.
- Thinkers
- 9
- Essays
- 3
- Major works recorded
- 28
- Time
- Classical · Medieval
Across time
A history of Islamic Philosophy
Ordered by the first year in each thinker’s dates; undated thinkers come last.
Al-Farabi
Classical
Ibn Sina
Medieval
Ibn Rushd
Medieval
Rumi
Medieval
Muhammad Iqbal
Modern
Fazlur Rahman
Contemporary
Ali Shariati
Contemporary
Seyyed Hossein Nasr
Contemporary
Abdolkarim Soroush
Contemporary
Voices
Thinkers
9 thinkers
Al-Farabi
Islamic philosopher of virtue, reason, music, and the ideal city.
Rumi
Gave mystical love a poetic language that still crosses religions, cultures, and centuries.
Muhammad Iqbal
Joined poetry and philosophy to rethink Muslim selfhood, freedom, and renewal in a modern world.
Fazlur Rahman
Offered a rigorous way to connect revelation, historical context, ethics, and modern intellectual life.
Ali Shariati
Turned religion into a language of anti-colonial awakening, social responsibility, and revolutionary identity.
Abdolkarim Soroush
Argued that religious understanding is historical, fallible, plural, and accountable to freedom.
Seyyed Hossein Nasr
Brought Islamic metaphysics and sacred ecology into critique of modern disenchantment and ecological crisis.
Ibn Sina
Advanced metaphysics, medicine, logic, psychology, and the distinction between essence and existence.
Ibn Rushd
Reconciled philosophical inquiry with religious law and transmitted Aristotle to Islamic and European traditions.
Ideas in motion
Debates in Islamic Philosophy
Should Education Prioritize Critical Thinking Over Job-Specific Skills?
In the rapidly evolving landscape of the 21st century, the question of educational priorities has never been more pertinent. Should the focus be on cultivating critical thinking skills, enabling individuals…
Preventing Humanity’s Misstep in Overreliance on Technological Determinism
The rapid advancement of technology raises concerns about humanity's increasing reliance on technology, potentially undermining essential human qualities and reasoning. The central fault line is The tension between the beneficial…
The Dangers of Groupthink in Modern Democracies: A Historical Debate
Amidst increasing polarization and the rapid spread of information, unchecked groupthink can lead to illiberal policies that threaten individual liberty and societal progress. The central fault line is Balancing the…
The Dangers of Unexamined Technological Assumptions
The Dangers of Unexamined Technological Assumptions
The reading room
Thoughts
3 essays
The Interplay of Faith and Reason in Islamic Thought: A Fazlur Rahman Perspective
The Interplay of Faith and Reason in Islamic Thought: A Fazlur Rahman Perspective In the contemporary discourse surrounding the relationship between faith and reason, there persists…
The Quest for Selfhood: An Exploration of the Individual in Iqbal’s Thought
Introduction In a world rife with external pressures and societal expectations, the search for selfhood becomes an urgent endeavor. How do we, as individuals, carve out…
The Interplay of Intellect and Emotion: A Philosophical Inquiry Inspired by Ibn Sina
Introduction In the realm of philosophy, few questions resonate as profoundly as the relationship between intellect and emotion. This inquiry transcends the boundaries of disciplines, intertwining…
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